Technical Analysis of the Impact of High Solar PV Penetration on the Stability of Bali's Power System

Abstract

The increasing penetration of solar power plants as an alternative clean energy source is an important element in the energy transition process towards Net Zero Emission (NZE). Bali, as a province with high electrical load growth and commitment to green energy development, thus this study aims to assess the impact of high solar PV penetration on the grid system stability of the electrical system operating at 150 kV voltage. The impact analysis was conducted using Digsilent software with high solar PV penetration baseline scenario in 2025 compared to the NZE scenario in 2060. The research includes power flow analysis, short circuit and transient analysis to evaluate the system response to generation fluctuations and systemic disturbances. The results show that a 12% penetration of solar PV leads to an increase in bus voltage, but the value is still within the tolerance limits stipulated in the national grid code. However, in the NZE scenario, a 30.4% increase in solar PV penetration reduces system inertia, which in turn amplifies frequency oscillations and makes the power system more susceptible to major disturbances such as the Jamali submarine cable failure potentially leading to greater instability during such events. This study recommends mitigation strategies by increasing the capacity of the energy storage system and strengthening the interconnection system by improving of the Java-Bali submarine cable line to ensure stability and reliability of the grid system in the future.