Integration of Renewable Energy and Battery Storage Systems for Electrification of Gili Raja Island with a Techno-Economic Approach

Abstract

Gili Raja Island is part of the small island clusters in Sumenep Regency. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), 409 out of 2,133 households on this island still lack access to electricity. This study aims to determine the capacity requirements for power plant, to achieve Net Zero Emission (NZE). Using the HOMER Pro software, this study estimates the required generation capacity to meet the demand of Gili Raja Island, amounting to 1,917 MWh per year. The study results indicate that the lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is achieved with a scenario combining wind turbines, diesel generator, and solar PV with NMC batteries, yielding a value of 0.189 $/kWh. To achieve NZE, based on HOMER optimization, the lowest LCOE for a fully clean energy portfolio is achieved with a combination of solar PV and lithium-ion batteries, with an LCOE of 0.246 $/kWh. This cost is 28% higher than the cheapest portfolio that includes diesel generator, but it can prevent 106,095 kgCO2 emissions annually from power plant operations. Choosing the right funding option is a crucial part of this study, with results showing that internal funding from PT PLN (Persero) offers the best scheme.